How to Distinguish Languages and Dialects

personal pronouns in iranian languages and dialects

the study of internal structure and functions of pronouns across languages can be useful for typological, theoretical as well as descriptive studies. personal pronouns in iranian languages and dialects have been investigated in the present study. the study has indicated that the pronouns are in clitic as well as free morphemes. the study also indicated that the languages and dialects benefit fr...

Discrimination of Spoken Languages and Dialects

the nature of defect and how to distinguish it

in all legal systems, it’s essential to know the nature of fault due to the absolute responsibility of a salesman or producer, on the one hand, and the possibility of receiving compensation on the other hand. in islamic law, this absolute responsibility is interpreted as ḍamān (indemnification); therefore, this ḍamān that is our subject of discussion in option of defect, is taken into considera...

Language Recognition for Dialects and Closely Related Languages

This paper describes our development work to design a language recognition system that can discriminate closely related languages and dialects of the same language. The work was a joint effort by LIMSI and Vocapia Research in preparation for the NIST 2015 Language Recognition Evaluation (LRE). The language recognition system results from a fusion of four core classifiers: a phonotactic componen...

How bees distinguish colors

Behind each facet of the compound eye, bees have photoreceptors for ultraviolet, green, and blue wavelengths that are excited by sunlight reflected from the surrounding panorama. In experiments that excluded ultraviolet, bees learned to distinguish between black, gray, white, and various colors. To distinguish two targets of differing color, bees detected, learned, and later recognized the stro...